Free sample - Dyslexia. translation missing

Dyslexia. DyslexiaIntroduction This paper characterizes visual dyslexia, giving its potential causes. It additionally satisfies the impacts to the patient who are by and large youngsters focusing on that it's anything but a malady yet a weakness that can't be dealt with. Visual dyslexia Visual dyslexia can be characterized as an obsessive perusing trouble brought about by a visual impairment.â It is experiencing issues in perusing and appreciating content because of visual issues. The patient makes visit outwardly based blunders all the more particularly in word acknowledgment in spite of having the option to name the segment. The patient with these challenges are supposed to be visual dyslexics, visuospatial dyslexics or dyseidetic dyslexics. The patient these perusing and spelling designs depict the accompanying visual preparing shortcomings. The word dyslexia was gotten from the Greek word dys meaning poor or insufficient and lexis importance works or language (Cardon L. 1994). Dyslexia is a learning inability described by issues in expressive, responsive, oral or composed language. Issues come up in perusing, spelling, composing, talking and tuning in. Dyslexia isn't an infection and it has no fix. It depicts an alternate sort of brain that adapts in an unexpected way. It isn't the aftereffect of low knowledge or the issue of insight. Dyslexia is certainly not a visual issue however it is a language issue. Dyslexia results from contrasts in the structure and capacity of the cerebrum. The patient do not have the capacity to compose or situate the manner in which something is seen, befuddle shapes, request of letters, and can't concentrate on a particular item for an extensive stretch of time. For example, a youngster can befuddle the state of a triangle for a square or see the word bat and read the letters in reverse which brings about them seeing tab. Other paralexia (botches made by individual with visual dyslexia) incorporate saccade (word examining by a rrangement of obsessions and quick eye development) vague consonants, phonetic incentive to quiet graphemic consonants, vowel digraphs, consonant bunches, move worry of words, neologisms (new word), loss of syllable and consonants lost. Profound dyslexia is a mind boggling perusing issue brought about by cerebrum harm in which the side effect is the inhabitance of semantic mistakes in single word (Cardon L. 1994). Causes Photon energies that is explicit to overly sensitive people prompt inside the eye’s photopic photoreceptors the conditions that make dyslexic-type visual variations from the norm, and that those photon energies can be successfully smothered before they contact the visual arrangement of defenseless people. Dyslexic people regularly experience suggestive alleviation when rewarded with explicit shaded straightforward overlays. Photon energies explicit to overly sensitive people, incite inside the eye’s photopic photoreceptors the conditions that make dyslexic-type visual variations from the norm. Photon energies can be stifled before they contact the visual arrangement of helpless people. Dyslexic patient experience indicative help when rewarded with explicit hued straightforward overlays (Michael C. 2004). Paraletic mistakes are ascribed to a brokenness of the visual examination framework in the double course equal model of perusing. Studies that have demonstrated that visual dyslexia runs all through families and is given to numerous youngsters genetically.â A measurable geneticist discovered proof that a quality for dyslexia sits on chromosome number six, which is one of the twenty-three chromosomes (Cardon, 1994). Dr. Glen Rosen, a Harvard neuroscientist clarified that nerve cells inside the left side of the equator of the cerebrum seem littler than in the correct half of the globe. This distinction in size of nerve cells lose the planning of the cerebrum and disturb its essential word preparing abilities, Dr. Albert Balaburda, a nervous system specialist from Harvard hypothesized that the mind of dyslexic individuals are assaulted with little injuries and strange cells which clarifies that the center of the issue may live in the hardware that controls pre-birth improvement. Nervous system specialist and scientist of dyslexia separated the confusion into three distinctive subtypes to set up a strategy to show kids with various degrees of dyslexia. The first subtype is known as dysphonetic dyslexia. At the point when these youngsters read, they embed or erase letters and syllables. In dyseidetic dyslexia, the patient can not perceive words in general and appear to peruse gradually. In conclusio n, blended dyslexia and kids in with this subtype experience both dysphonetic and dysedetic dyslexia; besides, blended dyslexia causes these kids more scholarly disappointment than some other known subtype. Bakker’s three subtypes were phonetic, perceptual, and blended dyslexia. Phonetic dyslexia alluded to a kid s capacity to understand quick; anyway numerous slip-ups were available on the grounds that the kid discarded and included letters and syllables. This is like Border’s dysphonetic dyslexia. Also, perceptual dyslexia exists when a youngster peruses precisely yet gradually. Bakker’s third subtype (blended dyslexia) is tantamount to Boder’s blended dyslexia since the two of them are a mix of the first and second subtypes. There are three methodologies for rewarding dyslexic patients and they incorporate the formative, restorative, and therapeutic methodology. The formative methodology proposes that educators ought to train in little gatherings or exclusively on the grounds that additional time and consideration is important for some dyslexic kids. The restorative methodology likewise happens in little or individual gatherings permitting the youngster to investigate extraordinary premiums with the goal that the kids can depend on their own uncommon capacities so as to defeat challenges. In the healing methodology, it is viewed as essential to decide the abilities that are generally troublesome and afterward apply individualized Consequences for an understudy The distinctive engine capacities associated with typical perusing like eye filtering, obsessions and saccades performed to incorporate fovea pictures is upset because of a gained sore to one side or left side of the equator of the eye. End Visual dyslexia is frequently acquired through qualities. It tends to be brought about by early ear contaminations also. There are three methodologies for rewarding dyslexic patients and they incorporate the formative, restorative, and healing approach.â References: Boder E. (1973) .Developmenal dyslexia: an indicative methodology dependent on three atypical perusing spelling designs. Cardon L. (1994). Procured dyslexia. Michael C. (2004). Photon Induced Visual Abnormalities (PIVA) and Visual Dyslexia.

Economics Race and Gender in the Economics of Women, Men, and Work Assignment

Financial matters Race and Gender in the Economics of Women, Men, and Work - Assignment Example The book gives out the different difficulties they face. The book additionally dissects various reasons that help the laborers through the Government and Employer Policies. The book further gives the different arrangements that are applied to the justification of the laborers. The families leave and childcare is very much broke down in the part. The family leave is named to be paid and it is being talked about according to the areas. The program is all around talked about by giving out the different necessities a specialist needs to secure the paid leave. The book likewise clarifies how the leave helps the laborers giving them sufficient opportunity to deal with their friends and family. Childcare is additionally talked about in subtleties giving models. The book expresses the different guidelines and foundations required in the kid care programs. The significance of the childcare is likewise given expressing the program to be liable for regulating the licenses required for the youngster care in various states in the United States and different nations. The book gives an investigation of different contrasts in sex everywhere throughout the world giving out different models. The hole over the way of life is likewise talked about opening sexual orientation generalizations. The book further clarifies giving various markers that foresee the monetary status of ladies. The book investigates the different pointers in nations like United Status and how they enable ladies in other creating nations. The book further incorporates all the social pointers in the circumstance of ladies. The work power cooperation is additionally examined in the book alongside the occupation. The book additionally quickly gives the Bureau of work insights with the Labor Force Participation Rate. The ladies in the work power are likewise talked about including the databook measurements of 2013. Ladies are additionally assembled regarding hours worked, joblessness classes. The winning is likewise examined over the CBO extends alongside the working age.

8 Black British Essayists to Add to Your Bookshelves

8 Black British Essayists to Add to Your Bookshelves Beulah Devaney  is a travel writer and editor.  @TheNotoriousBMD. No matter how full your bookshelves or how precarious your to-read pile, it’s time to clear some space for these thought-provoking, gut-wrenching, mind-blowing Black British essayists. Reni Eddo-Lodge Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Race originally appeared as a blog post on Reni Eddo-Lodge’s personal website. The hand-wringing and finger-pointing it inspired led to a publishing contract and one of the most fascinating dissections of race in Britain (especially the way it intersects with class and gender) that you’ll ever read. Hannah Black A Mancunian-born conceptual artist and writer, Hannah Black regularly contributes to The New Inquiry, and in 2017 used her Facebook page to call-out artist Dana Schutz for painting of Emmett Till in his casket. Black’s open letterâ€"calling for the painting to be destroyedâ€"ignited an international debate. Ruby Tandoh After reaching the Great British Bake-Off finals at just 19, Ruby Tandoh went on to become one of Britain’s most eloquent and hilarious body-positive activists. Her latest book (Eat Up) is a joyous call to eat whatever we want; she can be found on Twitter calling out body-shamers and hypocritical celebrity chefs. Gary Younge Gary Younge covers U.S. and UK politics as editor at large for The Guardian and in a weekly column for The Nation. His personal style and wide-ranging overview make for enthralling reading and he’s recently published a book about gun crime in the U.S. called Another Day in the Death of America: A Chronicle of Ten Short Lives. Otegha Uwagba As the founder of the Women Who online community and the author of Little Black Book: A Toolkit For Working Women, Otegha Uwagba is a creative powerhouse. She regularly writes about work, fashion, race, and feminism of The Guardian, i-D, Elle, and It’s Nice That while also running freelancer networking events. Phew! Dreda Say Mitchell During the build-up to the Brexit referendum, crime novelist Dreda Say Mitchell quickly started to seem like a lone voice of reasons in a topsy-turvy world. Mitchell challenged the way Britain’s history was being rewritten to exclude working class. She’s also a regular on Radio 4 book shows and authored the popular Geezer Girls crime series. Diriye Osman Diriye Osman is a Somali-British visual artist, poet, author and critic who creates surrealist performance art and thoughtful essays. Writing from The Afrosphere, Osman’s work has appeared in The Guardian (Transgressive literature will always be a minority pursuit), Kwani?, VICE, and Poetry Review. In 2014 he won the Polari First Book Prize for his short story collection Fairytales for Lost Children. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion Essay - 1147 Words

An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion The period following the Renaissance focused the human attention toward the beauty of nature. It was man’s turn to be part of the nature and not the other way around. The term picturesque—or â€Å"compared to a picture† as Michael Woods defines it — defines new characteristics of the art from this period. This period, â€Å"An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion,† had a dual nature—rational, responsive to reason, but also anti-rational, responsive to emotion. â€Å"Making one’s way through the intellectual history of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, one must be aware of the shifting meaning of such words as rationalism, naturalism, classicism, romanticism. Like dancers in a reel, they combine and†¦show more content†¦Taste became a â€Å"value above morality† (Stewart et. al., 156). Rococo main themes focused on leisure, love, and fashion. These themes and the â€Å"dramatic verve of Rubens gave way to the lyrical tone of Rubens’ great followers, Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684-1721), Frangois Boucher (1703-1770), and Jean-Honor6 Fragonard (1732-1804), the outstanding masters of three generations of Rococo painting in France† (Stewart et al., 156). When it comes to Fragonard and his paintings, I have to mention that he is one of my favorite painters. Paintings like â€Å"The Swing† (1766), â€Å"A Young Girl Reading† (1776), â€Å"The Study† (1769), â€Å"The Lover Crowned† (1771-73), â€Å"The Meeting† (1771-73) and so many more hold a special magic for me. Every time I look at his paintings, it is like looking at a magic world. It is more like a dream world, or like an old-fashioned story that never loses its charm for a child’s ears. Because of Fragonard’s talent, I can also â€Å"listen† to his magic stories: a stolen kiss, a flirtation giggle, the sound of the wind browsing through a lovely garden with a magic swing. From this period, although not a Rococo artist, we have to mention Jean-Baptiste Chardin (1699-1779). â€Å"While his contemporaries painted their high-style works of the ‘upstairs’ aristocratic life, Chardin painted the ‘downstairs’ † (Stewart et. al., 160): kitchen or pantry copper pots, earthenware jugs, and raw food.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Molieres Tartuffe889 Words   |  4 Pages The Theme of Moliere’s Tartuffe: Reason vs. Passion Jean-Baptitste Poquelin Moliere’s Tartuffe, is undoubtedly a satirical comedy. In Moliere’s description of a satire, he was very direct as to the function and objectives of one are. The function is to correct men’s vices, using satire to ridicule them and expose them to public laughter (Moliere, p.14). Although this satire is making fun of many things in the church and organized religion, which is not the only objective Moliere had in mindRead MoreThe Destruction Of Passion In Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare750 Words   |  3 PagesPassion is often seen as a positive impact on one’s live, however passion can be overwhelming and eventually consume your common sense. William Shakespeare shows this in his play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† through the important conflict between the Montagues and Capulets. The long standing conflict between the rival families - the Montagues and Capulets helped us understand the significant message of the destruction of passion. This is shown through the deaths of Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet throughout the playRead MoreWhy Athletes Struggle After Retirement1511 Words   |  7 Pagesis that they struggle financially and emotionally after they retire (Ford). Now becoming prominent in the sport’s world, athletes’ lives seem to decline post-retirement. However, some know the key to success and the solutions to this problem. The reasons athletes struggle after retirement can be narrowed down to different aspects of life. All three aspects of life, mental, emotional, and physical, play a role in the decline of an athlete’s life after retiring. Mentally, when an athlete retires, heRead MoreWhy Athletes Struggle After Retirement1501 Words   |  7 Pagesathletes is that they struggle financially and emotionally after they retire. It’s becoming notorious in the sport’s world that athletes’ lives seem to decline post-retirement. However, some know the key to succe ss and the solutions to this problem. The reasons athletes struggle after retirement can be narrowed down to different aspects of life. All three aspects of life, mental, emotional, and physical, play a role in the decline of an athlete’s life after retiring. Mentally, when an athlete retires, heRead MoreIs Children Foster Care A Vulnerable Population At Risk?955 Words   |  4 Pagesat risk. But the problem is biggest when children faces those who ‘age out’ of foster care what are does pro and con of facing another part of the world along. How those children get affected with the change in their lives and how independent they could be to start a big a change like and how challenges they will faces. I would describe the professional or societal issue and I will also explain how the issue arouses my passion as a human services professional. One way to manage the goal in termsRead More Molieres Tartuffe Essay543 Words   |  3 Pageswritten, was know as The Age Of Reason. One of the main ideas and attitudes during this period was, reason must always control passion. Due this attitude, one theme that constantly appears through out the play is the battle between reason and passion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Act II, Scene 4 one of the major conflicts between reason and passion is played out. Valere confrontsRead MoreThe Success Of Michael Jordan1313 Words   |  6 Pagesadversity become successful? It all starts with passion. Michael was not in it for the money. He just loved playing the game of basketball. He did not think he was the best player at his school. Nor did he think he was going to play in the NBA. He did not care what anyone else thought. His passion for the game is what began his journey to success. Patience is another reason Michael achieved what he did, and may very well be the most important reason for his accomplishments. With all of the adversityRead More Age of Reason Essay example1161 Words   |  5 Pages An Age of Reason â€Å"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities.† This brief quotation was spoken by the famous writer and philosopher Voltaire; I believe it vaguely points out that some people are full of absurd ideas, and for others to follow such nonsense is foolish. The quote is just a taste of Voltaire’s wisdom and knowledge of the world, during the Age of Reason. The Age of Reason or The Enlightenment is defined as a change in not just a way of thinkingRead MoreThe Age Of The Enlightenment1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe Age of the Enlightenment during the beginning of the 18th century was a revolution that vanquished the suffocating darkness of superstition that shrouded the Middle Ages. Revolutionary thinkers of the Enlightenment, such as Denis Diderot, Renà © Descartes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, led western civilization out of the darkness of ignorance with a small flame generated by the power of scientific and intellectual reason. For a while, it seemed as though the reason and rationality of EnlightenmentRead MoreThe Romanticism Of George Gordon : The Great Or Lord Byron887 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Gordon or Lord Byron is a second-generation romantic that passed away at the age of 36. The last poem he wrote called, â€Å"On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year, composed of his thoughts, as well as views on his life at the age of his death. At the beginning of this rhyme, the author presents himself as someone who wants to love but senses that he should not. As the piece progressed, Lord Byron wakes himself up from the wish to discover love, and alternatively seek for an honourable death

Does The Environmental Kuznets Curve Exist - 1371 Words

Discussion piece: Does the Environmental Kuznets Curve exist? The case of carbon emissions in Indonesia, China, Australia, and United States. The Kuznets curve is firstly introduced in 1955 by Kuznets as an inverted-U relationship between income inequality and economic development. Later it is found that the Kuznets curve is useful for describing the relationship between environmental pressure and the economic growth or known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) (Dinda, 2004). The hypothesis of the EKC is that at early stages of a country’s development, the quality of its environment will be deteriorated faster and getting slow down at some level of income per capita that the economic growth support the increasing of environmental performance (Stern, 2004). The EKC applies differently between countries depend on the economic growth status of the country. This essay will discuss the different appearance of the EKC using the evidences from developing and developed countries. The EKC of developing countries will show the upward slope stage of the curve because of the countries’ focus on economic growth and l ess protection to the environment. Conversely, the developed countries will show the later downward slope stage of the EKC as their economic growth is already high and there is more attention for environmental protection. Figure 1 The Environmental Kuznets Curve Comparation of the EKC appearances between Indonesia, Australia, and United States The EKC of Indonesia,Show MoreRelatedAs the Economy Grows, the Environment Degrades Essay2806 Words   |  12 Pagesgrowth and environmental degradation expanded exponentially (Cole Neumayer, 2005; Stern, 2003; 2004). Most of this intellectual confabulation revolved around the Environmental Kuznets Curve, a hypothesis that argues that environmental degradation would increase during an early economic development phase, eventually reaching the ‘turning point’ where improvement in environmental conditions will begin. In other words, the graphical relationship between per capita income and environmental pollutionRead More It’s Time for a Supranational Sustainable Development Authority3228 Words   |  13 Pagesecosystems. Quite often, these two sides appear to face each other with opposing prescriptions for future world development.   The former argues for environmental protection and creation of a stable ecosystem; the latter supports jobs and increased development of   Third World countries.   Yet this false dichotomy between jobs and the environment need not exist.   The key is promotion of worldwide sustainable development, or development that â€Å"meets the needs of the present generation without compromisingRead MoreA Growing Number Of Studies Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesin the developing countries exist even when households own improved cook stoves due to lack of knowledge about indoor air pollution, sanitation, and technology operations. Nepal et al. 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Economic Sustainability: the employment of various strategies toRead MoreGrowing Number Of Studies ( Ã… ¸Ãƒ   ) Essay940 Words   |  4 Pageskitchens in the developing countries exists even when households own improved cook stoves due to lack of knowledge about indoor air pollution, sanitation and technology operations. Nepal et al. (2011) finds that the adoption of improved firewood stove does not necessarily reduce firewood consumption pattern in Nepal. This may be because of the rebound effect (Bensch and Peters, 2013). The rebound effect refers to the situation where the use of traditional cooking fuels does not decrease as expected despiteRead MoreChinas model7412 Words   |  30 Pagesinimical to China s best environmental and economic interests. This is so for three reasons: * If economic growth were to be slowed or stopped-and sustainable development is essentially concerned with putting boundaries around economic growth-it would be impossible to improve the environmental conditions of China; * The bias for central planning on the part of those endorsing the concept of sustainable development will only serve to make environmental protection more expensiveRead MoreWoolworths Limited Case Study5822 Words   |  23 Pagesretail technology improvements, and by enabling local charities to receive direct donations, in-kind support and facilitation of fundraising Environmentally In November 2007 we launched our Sustainability Strategy 2007-15, identifying our material environmental impacts, setting targets and commitments for improvement, and starting us on the pathway to change. (Woolworths 3 major investment in Australian and New Zealand communities summary) Woolworths has been applauded for taking the initiative andRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesleadership to effective global management. JONATHAN P. DOH is the Herbert G. Rammrath Chair in International Business, founding Director of the Center for Global Leadership, and Professor of Management at the Villanova School of Business. Jonathan teaches, does research, and serves as an executive instructor and consultant in the areas of international strategy and corporate responsibility. He is also Senior Associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and an occasional executive educator

The Role of Literature in Cultural and Society Development Free Essays

Jibran Khalil Jibran once said, â€Å"All our words are but crumbs that fall down from the feast of the mind. † It is in everyone, it’s locked away, hidden and for the gifted, it comes out to give us the very languages we are using today. Literature, like music and film and theatre, is an art. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Literature in Cultural and Society Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a matter of fact the purest form of art. Life, for many if not all, in scales that vary is pretty much the same journey measured by experiences, fortune, luck and love. We cannot all express them in a poetic or artistic manner but we all experience them nonetheless. Most of us go through this wicked and unmerciful thing called life without ever being able to express those fortunate moments and hardships to others and more importantly to ourselves. We have reached an age where generations no longer pay mind to literature in a direct and hands on way. The new generation, including myself, doesn’t explore the poet within, as cliche as this may sound. Speeches from our presidents and world leaders don’t sound like they were fabricated from something real. They were written by politicians and campaign specialists whose aim is to shock and awe, but sadly with facts and numbers, not with the humane and sentimental approach for which speeches and words were meant. The role of literature in society is to help enhance our way of thinking and perceiving our surroundings. It heightens our level of expression and speaking. You simply become that much more articulate and creative! Almost every book or novel that we read results in a push to our perception of life. In Milton Albrecht’s â€Å"The Relationship of Literature and Society†, he adequately states that literature â€Å"reflects† society; its supposed converse is that literature influences or â€Å"shapes† society. On a daily basis we come across some kind of literary event. Something you could write a poem about, maybe even a book. More often than not they are overlooked, but it’s the creative minds that will always seize these moments and grant us the literature that will always help us relate. We live in a world where we desperately need a lifeline or a beacon that will always remind us that we are not robots or corporate machines. We live in a world where people want to escape their daily responsibilities and commitments to something more heartfelt. We live in a world where we absolutely and undeniably need literature! While it is physically written in words, these words come alive in the imagination of the mind, and its ability to comprehend the complexity or simplicity of the text. Literature enables people to see through the lenses of others, and sometimes even inanimate objects; therefore, it becomes a looking glass into the world as others view it. Like Thomas Edison came up with electricity, like Alexander Graham Bell gave us the telephone and like Mark Zuckerberg invented FACEBOOK, literature perhaps started with man discovering his ability to create. When this happened he realized that he could not only express his emotions in writing but in the process deliver messages of import to society carefully hidden in beautiful and crafted words. He decided that he could play with words to entertain and captivate people who would read them. In the olden days distance was of course a problem and so maintaining a history of world literature was impossible. People in different parts of the world, using different languages and writing in different periods of time tackled literature differently. This has left us with books and creations that enrich our society and our heritage as a race. Even the most voracious reader can never hope to read all the books out there. There must be a reason for that, shouldn’t there? I mean many customs and cultures have withered over the centuries, many habits and arts have withdrawn into the abyss. But not literature! Literature inspires whole nations to rebel and change. This is the power of literature. It shapes, it moulds and in the process entertains. It helps us learn about human nature in all its foibles and greatness; it lets us learn about the human past and our own pasts, and about other cultures. When we discover literature we can travel to any place at any time, even to the future, and see how others view the same world. It helps people get an in-depth view of life in someone else’s shoes, whether it’s the writer’s or someone else’s, may it be fiction or based on real life experiences. Whatever the case may be, reading a book, for instance, can put you in a totally different world, so foreign to you that you are bound to learn something from. Reading, in my opinion, affects you on a much more personal level than watching a movie, therefore, after reading a book or any other piece of literature, the reader gains something which in turn he or she will inevitably bring into society whether it is a point-of-view, a new outlook or simply added knowledge or information. That person will carry what he/she learned on with them for years to come or probably forever and will most likely pass it on to other people and they in time will also pass n that newly acquired â€Å"crumb† of knowledge, causing a chain reaction of knowledge, if you will. After all, knowledge is one of the very few things that can never be taken away from you, and once anything is learned it inexorably triggers a change in that person, small or big, good or bad, that change will unavoidably occur and be brought with that person into society affecting how he or she would choose to converse with and/or treat others, how they would react to and handle cert ain situations and possibly the basis of their decision-making. All of these things, in one way or another will most definitely have an impact on society as a whole and on its individual units. Literature and writing, though obviously connected, are not synonymous. Several pieces of literature that left a mark on our culture and society were passed down through oral tradition before they were ever fixed in written form. Take Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey that was dated all the way back to the late Bronze Age and handed down through different cultures by oral tradition before ever taking a written form. Regardless of the form that literature may take, whether it’s in form of a novel or poem, movie or music, or just a simple oral form, it is undeniable that it bares several advantages for the person that actually takes the time to understand and appreciate it and eventually share it with others. You know? I may not be the most suitable person to be giving this speech or preaching about the importance of literature. I may not have experienced the true hardships and joys of life. But one thing I believe is that no matter when I express this importance, be it today or in 50 years after life has taken its toll on me, it will always be true. Novels, books, words and literature are here to forever and always shake the very foundation of our world. To shake us, rattle us in hopes that those crumbs that Jibran spoke of would fall into a page and form future cultures and societies to come. People nowadays, including myself sometimes, can be so apathetic and indifferent to our society and its people and oblivious to the fact that literature and education in general is a tool that can change that apathy and help shape us to become more well-rounded individuals that are somewhat free of the ignorance that can so easily destroy us without us even knowing it. The sad but apparent truth is that people these days don’t give reading and literature their just significance, most people probably never will, maybe it’s because of all the available distractions such as social networking and he like. The only solution for this problem is for previous generations to enlighten this generation on the importance of literature and how it can affect our society instead of constantly criticizing it. In the end, the people that criticize our generation forget who raised it, but that’s a different issue for a different time. I cannot be emphatic enough when stressing the importance of literature and reading and the rewards they so inconspicuously possess. After all, the famous author Mark Twain once said, â€Å"The man who does not read books has no advantage over the man that cannot read them. † How to cite The Role of Literature in Cultural and Society Development, Essays

Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right Essay Example

Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right Paper To discourage this mad scramble for power among the nobles, Shakespeare uses the theme of betrayal answered by reprisals to Justify the theology of the divine right of kings. During the time of Shakespeare, Europe had become a more ordered place since the time of the Dark Ages. During this time, the lands were ruled by warlords and war raged constantly as various rulers with their own armies struggled for power. Europe emerged from this time period, due in large part to the divine right of kings theology. According to this doctrine, God bestows on kings the right to rule. As James I writes, inns â€Å"sit upon God his throne In the earth and have the count of their administration to give unto him† (par. 4). An uprising against the king, which James describes as â€Å"monstrous and unnatural,† is by extension an uprising against the will of God† (Label). Most Europeans at the turn of the first millennium were extremely religious therefore this made subjects much more willing to obey the king without questions. This aspect of the doctrine dramatically helped Europe to stabilize from its previous warring state because those who went against the king were also going against the will of God and therefore risking eternal damnation. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although this theology can easily be dismissed today as a naive invention in order to keep kings in power, it was widely accepted during the 16th and 17 centuries during Shakespearean time, due to the much greater influence of the church. Shakespeare uses the fact that there existed a large devotion to Charlatanry to comment on Macbeth character and further demonstrate the evils In the usurpation of authoritative figures. Machete’s fall from grace closely resembles the similar fall of Lucifer from the courts of heaven to definitively point out the evils inherent in the unwarranted seizure of control. The rebellion of Lucifer is described in the book Isaiah as, â€Å"How you have fallen from heaven, O morning star, son of the dawn! You have been cast down to the earth, you who once laid low the nations! You said in your heart, â€Å"l will ascend to heaven; I will raise my throne above the stars of God; I will sit enthroned on the mount of assembly, on the utmost heights o f the sacred mountain† (Chapter 14: 12-13). These transgressions which reflect Machete’s ambition to kill Duncan and unlawfully take the throne away from the rightful heir were swiftly punished by God who said, â€Å"So I made a fire come out from you, and It ensured you, and I reduced you to ashes on the ground In the sight of all who were watching† (Ezekiel 28:18). Shakespeare asserts that In scalar fashion as â€Å"the great dragon was hurled down-that ancient serpent called the devil or Satan, who [seeks to] lead ten wangle world astray’ (Revelations 12 Y) as Machete Is lead astray Day ten witches planting the seeds of rebellion in his mind. Macbeth is often in close association with evil characters such as the three witches and Hectare throughout the play to reflect the changing character of Macbeth as he becomes more and more evil. It was the witches, who are associated with the devil, who first makes Macbeth obsessed with attaining power when they greet him with, â€Å"All hail Macbeth! Hat shall be king hereafter† (Shakespeare 1. 3. 50). By having both Banquet and Macbeth present when the witches promise great things for both of them, Shakespeare is asserting that all men will undergo temptation, but also that it is possible to stay devoted and loyal such as Banquet does even under great temptation. Macbeth, however, does not stay loyal to Duncan and almost immediately following the words of the witches he admits that, â€Å"my thought, whose murder yet is UT fantastical shakes so my single state of man that function, is smothered in surmise, and nothing is but what is not† (Shakespeare 1. . 139). With this personal confession, Macbeth reveals how he is struggling internally between his own personal ambition and what he knows is right. When he does later decide to murder Duncan, he â€Å"acknowledges that his deed will entail all the kinds of violence civilization has been struggling to suppress since it first began† (Watson) as he had just recently help put down a rebellion against Duncan, ironically e nough. When Macbeth does betray Duncan, the consequences of this are enormous angina from fits of paranoia to his eventual death. The fallout of this central betrayal is foreshadowed early in the play when the former thane of Castor tried to betray Duncan and paid dearly for it. Duncan says that â€Å"he was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust† (Shakespeare 1. 4. 14) and because of this betrayal of trust he is executed and his title is given to Macbeth. The same fate will eventually await Macbeth as â€Å"the rebel must be sacrificed to preserve [universal order]† (Bloom) but first he is abandoned by everyone around his until he is alone with his evil thoughts. The first introduction to evil with respect to Macbeth the character is with his meeting with the three witches. As the play progresses, evil in association to Macbeth grow proportionately as the ones around him draw further away from him. The first abandonment from Macbeth is God abandoning him the night of Dunce’s murder. Banquet is describing the night sky to his son when he says, â€Å"Their candles are all (Shakespeare 2. 1. 5) representative of God not being present at Machete’s out castle because he knows what evil is to take place that night. After Dunce’s murder and Macbeth assumes the throne, his paranoia sets in and his own senses even egging to betray him as is evident by the apparition of the slain Banquet at a feast. The frightened and alarmed Macbeth remarks â€Å"the time has been, that, when the brains were out, the man would die, and there an end: but now they rise again† (Shakespeare 3. 4. 78). This psychological breakdown displays the spiritual struggle going through Macbeth as evil continues to consume him. The last stages of abandonment of Macbeth come Just before Macadam and Malcolm storm Machete’s castle. The nobles see how corrupt and insane Macbeth and promptly defect; as Macbeth says, â€Å"the thanes fly from me† (Shakespeare 5. 3. 49). This desertion becomes o severe that the number of troops inside the castle so low that the only way to fight the oncoming enemy is to prepare for a siege. Macbeth describes the enemy force by saying, â€Å"were teeny not Trace Walt n tense Tanat snout a De ours we malign nave met teem direful, beard to beard, and beat them backward home† (Shakespeare 5. 5. 5). With God, his own senses, and his nobles abandoning him, the last person to do so is his wife. The person who he committed the initial crime dies of an unknown cause to foreshadow his similar death and to emphasize how truly alone he is at this point. â€Å"The murder of Duncan is no mere political assassination. It is the very worst thing imaginable: ‘most sacrilegious Murder’ (al. Iii. 68), violating all the bonds between man, nature and God† (Bloom); because of his assassination of the king he has now lost all of those he holds dear around him. In this time of absolute solitude, Macbeth cries out to his servant, â€Å"Sexton! I am sick at heart† (Shakespeare 5. 3. 19). The name Sexton may be pronounced ‘Satan’ in reference to Lucifer who had the original rebellion on which Machete’s is only modeled. When Macbeth admits that he is â€Å"sick at heart† this signifies that the transformation to complete evil is now complete and o remnant of the loyal Macbeth remains. This reference to Lucifer makes the play turn full circle as the seeds of rebellion were planted by devilish characters and it ends in Macbeth becoming a devilish character himself. Macbeth does receive his ultimate punishment much like the previous thane of Castor by being executed and having his head cut off. Shakespearean theme of betrayal met by Zestful vengeance illustrate his views on how kings should be viewed as appointments by God and not to be overthrown, reflecting the view of the divine right of kings. The practice of this theology largely eloped Europe to exit the period of small warring nations and become the great power known as the West’ dominating the world intellectually and technologically for hundreds of years. Shakespeare was not the only writer to incorporate messages to discourage the usurpation of central powers, approximately 300 years before Shakespeare, Dante, who wrote the Inferno, described the lowest pit of hell as having three occupants. Two out of the three were there because of their part in the murder of Julius Caesar which weakened the Roman Empire and led to a power struggle. Both Dante and Shakespeare had similar ideas that rebellion against persons in rower were inherently evil deeds which only increased entropy in the universe and were acts of the devil.