Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice - 2237 Words

In the novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen asserts that a happy marriage comes not from the compliance with social conventions, but rather from the compatibility between the personalities of two individuals. The interclass marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, and the expected intraclass marriage of Lady Catherines daughter stand as a foil to the true happiness in the interclass marriage of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy. A lack of affection, esteem and congruity between the Bennets, and likewise between Miss de Bourgh and Mr. Darcy, results in an unsuccessful marriage and a potentially unsuccessful marriage, respectively, while the paradigm of these qualities between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy generate a successful relationship. By illustrating†¦show more content†¦When Elizabeth first sees Miss de Bourgh, she describes her as pale and sickly [and] her features, though not plain, were insignificant; and she spoke very little (159). This description wholly lacks the liveliness of Eliza beths eyes and mind with which Mr. Darcy falls in love. Mr. Darcys impartiality toward Miss de Bourgh is confirmed by Elizabeths observations of Mr. Darcy in Lady Catherines house. After listening to Lady Catherine flattering her daughter in front of Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth looked at Darcy to see how cordially he assented to his cousins praise; but neither at that moment nor at any other could she discern any symptom of love (172). Although Austen mentions nothing concerning Miss de Bourghs feelings, the lack of emotional attachment from at least Mr. Darcy negates the potential of a happy marriage. Nevertheless, Lady Catherine argues with Elizabeth that the marriage of Mr. Darcy and her daughter is meant to be due to their complementary wealth and status. Austen demonstrates her disagreement with this sort of aristocratic thought through Elizabeths rebuttal, that if Mr. Darcy wishes to marry Miss de Bourgh he will, and If Mr. Darcy is neither by honour nor inclination confined to his c ousin, why is not he to make another choice?(336). Lady Catherine furthers her argument by insulting Elizabeth in terms of her social standing,Show MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the time, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1467 Words   |  6 Pages Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a classic novel that has remained relevant even years after its release. Its themes and symbols are understandable to even the most modern of reader. One of the many themes is sisterhood, something that is focused on constantly throughout the novel. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel, finds many of her decisions to be based upon the actions of her sisters. Making sisterhood a main driving force. Whether they are confiding in each other for marriageRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen872 Words   |  4 PagesIn my personal cherished novel, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, the worlds of two immensely divergent people display the marxist idea of the importance of social status and its affect on the people. The two main characters seem to be on opposite ends of the earth in terms of an affluent Mr. Darcy being so privileged while on the contrary, Miss Elizabeth Bennet is of a lower class. Throughout the novel, there is a fine distinction between their clashing opinions and actions that are highly influencedRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pageshe 18th century novel , Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the time, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1285 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice Analysis I.Introduction Jane Austen wrote her novels during the time period known as the Regency. The Enlightenment and the Age of Reason, a time where ideas like democracy, secularism, and the rise of developing sciences were making their way across Europe had come to an end.It was replaced with the wave of horror that was the French Revolution, a once minor revolt that escalated into a violent war, concluding with the rise of Napoleon, which whom England fought against the majorityRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1384 Words   |  6 PagesNicole Voyatzis Professor W. Acres HISTORY 1401E May 26, 2015 Discussion Paper - Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice written in 1813 by Jane Austen tells the story of The Bennet’s and their five unmarried daughters. The family live as part of the lower gentry in early 19th century England. With that being said, Mrs. Bennet’s primary focus in life is to ensure that all her daughters are married, preferably to wealthy men. The book begins with Mrs. Bennet seeing an opportunity for her daughtersRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe comical novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen depicts the love life of women in the early 1800’s. Austen shows the hardships young women in that time period had to go threw to find their place in this world. Women were thought of as objects to the men, they were supposed to be stay at home mothers, or simple just a accessory to their partner. Women were the subordinates in life, as they still are today. Austen tells the story of how Mrs. Bennet (a mother of 5) works tirelessly to get her daughte rsRead MoreJane Austen: Pride and Prejudice 1086 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen, born December 16, 1775, was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction earned her a place as one of the most widely read authors in English literature. Austen’s novels critique the life of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of the transition to nineteenth-century realism. Though her novels were by no means autobiographical, her fictional characters do shed light on the facts of her life and but more importantly, they offered aspiring writers a model of howRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen914 Words   |  4 Pages Bell 1 Natalie Bell Pedersen English 4 honors 29 February 2016 Pride and Prejudice Essay Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, focuses on the social conflicts of England during the 1800s. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy fall in love, and face social criticism. Mr. Darcy struggles with the ideology of societal expectations while falling in love with Elizabeth Bennet. After persistent self-reflection, Mr. Darcy overcomes the stereotype of whom he should marry, and marries ElizabethRead More Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen 1104 Words   |  5 Pagesrate of over 50% from 1970-2010. However, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, marriage was often one of the few choices for a woman’s occupation. Reading Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen from the twenty-first century perspective might make some matters that are stressed in the book seem dated or trivial. As Pride and Prejudice was set sometime during the Napoleonic Wars, it is only fitting that finding a proper marriage is on the minds of many of the women in the book. Marriage and marrying

Persuasive Essay On Standardized Testing - 986 Words

Makayla Cecil ENGL-1213-01 Gantz Persuasive Essay 31 October 2017 Standardized Testing is Undermining Education School officials common use of standardized testing as the sole measure of student, school and teacher success has posed the question if these tests are hurting more than they are helping. Universal tests were originally created to check the knowledge of students. However, tests are now being used in ways that the original designers did not anticipate. The scores students earn on these tests not only assess how well the information is taught and retained, but are now also being used in judging the quality of the school. Yet, parents support the tests for these reasons exactly (Agiesta 2). Reaping only the benefits, parents fail†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"If the material in the tests is anticipated and becomes the basis for study, then the results tell us only about the level of prep work and nothing else† (Tanner 4). The results no longer offer valuable insight into students’ academic lives, they merely display how well teachers prepared them for the test. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 required states to test their students in math and reading. Lawmakers passed this so they would have tangible, statistical results to ensure that students were learning the material they needed to be. However, these test score results have morphed into something they were not intended to be used for. Students’ test scores are used as the primary source of information to evaluate the rank of the school and the teachers they employ. Districts nationwide are concentrating heavily on tests because they reflect directly back on the school, considering it either quality or underachieving. Furthermore, test results can be used to judge the effectiveness of a teacher without ever actually stepping foot in his or her classroom. Driven by fear, teachers conform to the test and permit their class to be focused around test material. Tests prevent teachers from educating students on information they consider important because they run out of time, know it will not show up on the test, or possibly both. With their jobs on the line, teachers are not willing to riskShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Standardized Testing921 Words   |  4 PagesStandardized Tests Take out a number two pencil, fill in the bubbles, and pray for a good score. The outcome of standardized tests are life changing, especially in America, so it is imperative to do well on them no matter what. Students, teachers, and schools are all affected by these unfair tests. Not only do studies show the tests do not measure a student’s achievement, they are often biased against certain races and low income students, Americans are so accustomed to these tests that most peopleRead MorePersuasive Essay On Standardized Testing1316 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves through five hours of gruelling testing. All of this nightmarish workload is completed just for the opportunity to attend a college of some recognition and ultimately gain a job in the workforce.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I think it can be agreed by all students that nobody enjoys the ludicrous amount of extra studying that is brought with these tests. It is only an added stress on an already tumultuous time of a young person’s life, and the modification of the standardized test should be seen as an important chapterRead MoreRough Draft Persuasive Essay : No Standardized Testing1093 Words   |  5 Pages Julia Suter Ms. Schlagel English 8 3 December 2015 Rough Draft Persuasive Essay: No Standardized Testing â€Å"High school grades reflect years of effort and are more reliable assessment of college potential than test scores.† Historians detected that standardized testing started back in the seventh-century in China. The government of China began to organize written exams to select people for the civil service. Also many educators try to make sure that they are following the right requirementsRead MoreThe Importance Of Standardized Testing In Education1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe standardized test has become the staple of the United States K12 education system. Students at all levels are routinely tested, and schools evaluated based on the scores. It’s easy to look at this as a necessary part of the system, a needed way of assessing both school and individual student performance to ensure quality across all schools. These tests are regarded as a tried-and true way of doing this, when in reality they are neither old nor accurate in assessment. I move in this essay thatRe ad MoreStandardized Testing and Curriculum Standards Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized Testing and Curriculum Standards It cannot be said that all assessments are unnecessary and academically limiting for students. If teachers are to know their students’ strengths and weaknesses, they must formulate a way in which to assess their knowledge. In order to create a curriculum adherent to the most specific needs of a teacher’s class, assessment must play a role when devising the course of action for the academics taught. This does not mean that all standardized testing isRead MoreStandardized Testing Is Not Beneficial1702 Words   |  7 PagesStandardized Testing In the world today standardized testing is mandatory in all schools whether they are public or private. If schools continue to make these test mandatory, students grades will show the reflection of what they are not learning. The school might also receive less state funding due to poor performance on these tests. Once No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was introduced US students slipped from 18th in the world in math in 2000 to 31st in 2009 (Standardized). Standardized testingRead MoreEssentials Of A Good Education By Diane Ravitch996 Words   |  4 Pageschance to obtain an education they can take into the real world. Ms. Ravitch’s argument that the overemphasis on testing for basic skills has led to public school’s neglect of important life and social skills will be evaluated to increase the reader’s understanding of this debated topic. In 2010, Ms. Ravitch was on the other side of this argument, she was a believer in more standardized tests and supported linking test scores to school funding. Society during this time was all about letting schoolsRead MorePhilosophy of Education Essays1644 Words   |  7 Pagesopinion, and cannot show judgment or preference to one student, culture, or background over another. My curriculum will include a lot of cultural information, such as texts from around the world, media articles about international relations and essay prompts that force a student to evaluate cultures and beliefs aside from their own. I will prepare students to enter a diverse world where there is an expectation of understanding and tolerance. This will be achieved by a simulation of a UN conferenceRead MoreEssay about The Demands of Middle School Writing1471 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents to learn how to write a variety of sentence types, as well as to write persuasive and expository essays, research reports, and responses to literature.† (p.82) These researchers have noted that the demands of writing are more complex than just writing five paragraphs compositions on a variety of subjects for English teachers. The ability to write to meet the demands of the curriculum and the state-wide standardized assessment is important for the middle school student, and it is an area ofRead MoreSummary Of I Just Reformed The School System By Prince Ea1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe two pieces I will be covering in this essay are â€Å" I Just Sued the School System† and â€Å"Somewhere in America†. The first one consists of a man named Prince Ea who created this short movie/slam poem where he is in court and suing the school system for being unfair, cruel and old school. Prince backs up his ideas completely with examples in history. The other piece I am comparing is three girls, Belissa Escobedo, Rhiannon McGavin and Zariya Allen, who share their unspoken high school eperiences.

Vegeterain vs. Meat Eaters Free Essays

Vegetarians vs. Meat Eaters Introduction Vegetarianism is adopted by many individuals as way of living life. Vegetarianism is the voluntary abstinence from consuming meat. We will write a custom essay sample on Vegeterain vs. Meat Eaters or any similar topic only for you Order Now The issue is whether or not a vegetarian diet is truly safer than a diet consisting of meat. Individuals adopt a vegetarian lifestyle for different reasons. Some of the reasons consist of religious or ethical beliefs, or health reasons. Vegetarian diets are also recommended as a medicinal diet for individuals suffering from heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol. The results of a vegetarian diet may seem beneficial, but the safety of a vegetarian diet is questionable. Some individuals consider vegetarianism to be the healthiest way of living. On the other hand, severe consequences occur when relying solely on vegetables as a way of life. The intake of meat in a diet is necessary to obtain the nutrients not provided in vegetables. Vegetarianism In 1847, the term â€Å"vegetarianism† was coined by the founders of the Vegetarian Society of Great Britain. Consumption of only vegetables, have existed since the creation of diets. Increases of food not containing meat have increased since the 1990’s. Most of the increases occurred because doctors and medical organizations stated that limiting meat intake could result in a less chance of developing degenerative diseases. The vegetarian lifestyle dates back to one of the oldest cultures, the Hindus. Hindus consume a vegetarian diet because of their religious beliefs. Based on Hindu beliefs, beauty, good memory, and longer life spans are possessed, if meat is not consumed. Beliefs, such as the Hindus, differ depending on the culture. Vegetarianism is also used as a way of treating common illnesses. Currently, many individuals suffer from illnesses such as high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. In some cases, the implementation of an all vegetable diet has been incorporated to help lower the effects related to these conditions. In patients suffering from cancer, vegetarianism is used as a dietary therapy treatment. Vegetarianism is used to treat one of America’s largest conditions, obesity. In 2008, the medical costs associated with individuals suffering from obesity were about $147 billion (CDC, 2012). Implementing a vegetarian diet is one way to reduce the excess weight of obese individuals and lower medical costs. Implementing an all-vegetable diet is easy to implement and it is an economical practice for aiding in the treatment of medical conditions. Limitations of Vegetarianism Vegetarianism may be beneficial, but the deficiencies that occur as a result of this diet, outweigh the benefits. According to the governmental Food Guide Pyramid, five sources of foods should be consumed in order to supply the body with essential nutrients. The five food sources are: milk, bread, fruit, vegetable, and meat groups. These dietary guidelines were created to help individuals live a healthier lifestyle. When a necessary nutrient is removed from the body, complications may begin to occur. Restricting meat from the body produces a deficiency in the nutrients needed for the body to function properly (Timko, 2012). The nutrients that the body loses on an all-vegetable diet consist of: Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin B-12, Calcium, and Iron. Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of nutrient that is not manufactured by the body, but is essential. This nutrient must be obtained through an individual’s diet, which would have to consist of fish. Omega-3 has the ability to slow the development of atherosclerosis, it is an anti-inflammatory, it lowers triglyceride levels, and it helps with depression. When foods are not consumed that contain this nutrient, individuals face a higher chance of developing cancer, cardiovascular disease, brain development complications, and inflammation (Timko, 2012). Vitamin B-12 is a nutrient that is found in the protein of animals, dairy, eggs, seafood, and plants (Web M. D. , 2012). Although B-12 is found in plants, it cannot be consumed by humans. Therefore, the consumption of meat is necessary. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for the body because it prevents the blood levels in the body from becoming too low (Web M. D. , 2012). When the body lacks Vitamin B-12, serious conditions may occur such as anemia (lack of healthy red blood cells) or irreversible nerve damage. The consumption of Vitamin B-12 also helps treat and prevents anemia, memory loss, unhealthy immune systems, loss of energy and concentration, and heart disease (Web M. D. , 2012) Calcium is the third deficiency occurring from restricting meat from the body. Dairy products provide the greatest source of calcium for the body. About 70% of the United States receives calcium from dairy products (MedicineNet, 2012). The body depends on calcium for the production of strong bones. Calcium also helps the lungs, heart, and muscles to function properly (Mayo, 2012). When the body lacks calcium, it could result in low bone mass production which leads to osteoporosis (Mayo, 2012). The final nutrient lost in a vegetarian diet is iron. Iron is important because it aids in the transportation of oxygen throughout the body (MedicineNet, 2012). When the body lacks iron, individuals tend to feel fatigued and immune function decreases. To counteract the feeling of fatigue, it is important to consume meats that contain iron. Disadvantages of Vegetarianism The lifestyle of a vegetarian has drawbacks that could result into long term issues for individuals. The vegetarian lifestyle requires individuals to replace the nutrients received from meat, by using other products. Many vegetarians use cheese and other daily products to provide calcium and vitamins with their meals. Depending strictly on vegetables does not mean that an individual will be healthier. When individuals supplement extra products to make up for what they lack in meat, it could cause excessive weight gain over the years (Lunan, 2011). In an article entitled Vegetarians: Beware the Carbs and Cheese, 29,138 vegetarians and non-vegetarians were surveyed. The results showed that female vegetarians were no healthier than meat-eating females. On the other hand, male vegetarians suffered from gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms (Lunan, 2011). Mental disorders have the ability to affect numerous types of individuals, including vegetarians. In an article entitled Vegetarian Diet and Mental Disorders, based on a community survey, vegetarians were highly associated with having mental disorders (Michalak, 2012). The study showed how vegetarians had an elevated rate for mental disorders such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders. The study also showed that once a vegetarian diet was adopted, then a mental disorder followed the start of the diet (Michalak, 2012). When vegetarians restrict their body of what it needs, such as meat, it begins to affect the mind as well. It is mentally unsafe for a person to consume an all-vegetable diet. If consumption of only vegetables causes an individual to gain a mental disorder, it is obvious that this is an unhealthy choice to adopt. Anorexia is another serious condition that younger female vegetarians face. Some dieticians believe that teenagers who are limiting themselves to a vegetable only diet are also setting themselves up to developing anorexia nervosa (Vegetarian or Anorexic? , 1999). This disorder typically affects young females. Anorexia causes individuals to eat as less as possible, which causes malnourishment. When this occurs, it also increases the risk of developing high blood pressure, hormone imbalances, liver problems, and slow heart beats. Being a vegetarian gives individuals an excuse to worry about what they eat and to be overly cautious. When a younger female avoids food, she is typically avoiding it for the wrong reasons. The disadvantages that result from living a lifestyle of a vegetarian have the ability to cause life-threatening illnesses. Eating right, including all of the five food groups in a daily diet, is safer than adopting a diet that can have negative results in the future. Benefits of Meat Consumption Contrary to what most vegans think, important benefits are derived from consuming meat. The first benefit that individuals receive from meat is protein. Meats contain a large amount of proteins that are beneficial to the body. When protein is in the body, it allows for building of body tissues, repairing of damages muscles, and production of antibodies used to fight infections. Amino acids are also found in meats, which aid in strengthening the body’s immune system (Medical Daily, 2012). Meat contains all of the amino acids; therefore it is one of the best sources of protein. Not only does it provide protein for the body, it also helps to maintain your skin. A second benefit of consuming meat is that it contains three important nutrients: iron, selenium, and zinc. Iron is important because it aids in the production of hemoglobin in the body. It also helps transport oxygen thought the body (Medical Daily, 2012). Selenium is a mineral that is essential to good health, but has to be consumed in an individual’s diet. Selenium is found in crab, liver, fish, and poultry. This mineral is necessary because it breaks down chemicals and fats in the body. Zinc is an important mineral because it aids in metabolism and formation of tissue (Medical Daily, 2012). Vitamins are a very important part of every individual diet. Consuming meats allows the body to receive vitamins that are necessary for it to function properly. Vitamins A, B, and D are three of the most important vitamins that the body needs. These vitamins promote strong bones and teeth, good mental health, nervous system support, and better vision. Conclusion Restricting a diet to only vegetable intake does not guarantee that a vegetarian in healthier than an individual that consumes meat. Vegetarians do benefit from this type of lifestyle because they may have lower cholesterol, less weight gain, and lower risks of developing illnesses. On the other hand, restricting meat from a diet results in numerous complications. The loss of nutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids, are a tremendous disadvantage for vegetarians. Vegetarians may suffer from anorexia, mental disorders, and gastrointestinal problems. When changing a diet causes more harm than good, the best decision is to give the body the nutrients it was designed to receive. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). â€Å"Obesity†; August 13, 2012 http://www. cdc. gov/obesity/data/adult. html Deckere, E. A. , â€Å"European Journal of Cancer Prevention†; â€Å"Possible beneficial effect of fish and fish n’3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast and colorectal cancer†; July 1999 http://www. livestrong. com/article/314378-what-is-purpose-of-omega-3-fatty-acids/ â€Å"Food Guide Pyramid†; 2012 http://www. nal. usda. gov/fnic/Fpyr/pmap. tm Lunan, K. , â€Å"Vegeterians: Beware of Carbs and Cheese†; Vol. 124 Issue 37, P. 60-61, 2011 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, â€Å"Calcium and Calcium Supplements†; 1998-2012 http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/calcium-supplements/MY01540 Medical Daily, â€Å"3 Benefits of Eating Meat†; 2012 http://www. medicaldaily. com/articles/3971/20101119/3-benefits-of-eating-meat. htm MedicineNet. , â€Å"Vegeterian and Vegan Diet†; 1996-2012 http://www. medicinenet. com/vegetarian_and_vegan_diet/page2. htm Michalak, J. , Xiao Chi Z. , Jacobi, F. :Vegeterian diet and Mental Disorders: Results from a Representative Community Survey†; International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition Physical Activity; 2012, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p 67-76 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Taepavarapruk, P. , â€Å"Journal of Neurochemistry†; â€Å"Reductions of acetylcholine release and nerve growth factor expression are correlated with memory impairment induced by interleukin-1beta administrations: effects of omega-3 fatty acid EPA treatment†; December 2009 http://www. livestrong. com/article/314378-what-is-purpose-of-omega-3-fatty-acids/ Timko, A. â€Å"Dietary Restriction: A Comparison of Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians† ; Eating Disorders Review; Vol. 23 Issue 3, p6-6, May/June 2012 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 â€Å"Vegetarian or Anorexic? † November 26, 1999 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 â€Å"Vegetarianism†, November 26, 1999 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Web M. D. â€Å"Vitamin B12: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, and Warnings†; 2005-2012 http://www. webmd. com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-926-VITAMIN%20B12. aspx? activeIngredientId=926activeIngredientName=VITAMIN%20B12 How to cite Vegeterain vs. Meat Eaters, Essay examples

Health System and Economics for Public Health- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth System and Economics for Public Health. Answer: Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) refer to physiological disorders that involves the blood vessels of the heart. Most common cardiovascular diseases include myocardial infarction and angina, heart failure, stroke, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and heart arrhythmia. According to WHO reports, CVDs are the primary cause of death on a global basis (Laslett et al., 2012). Estimates suggest that 3 out of 10 Nigerians suffer from CVDs (Ogunmola et al., 2013). Statistical data also state that approximately 150,000 Nigerians die because of CVDs on an annual basis, and the rates are expected to reach 23 million by 2030 (Iloh et al., 2013). This report will describe the role of stakeholders in preventing chronic diseases and will focus and applying a systems thinking approach for the same. Role of stakeholders Stakeholders referred to individuals, affected by the outcomes of a particular project. They are responsible for developing and shaping a project in its early years, allocating adequate resources that contribute to success of the project, and providing a clear insight on probable outcomes (Groves et al., 2013). In other words, stakeholders facilitate making adjustments to the project for winning organisational support. While internal stakeholders include people belonging to the organization, such as healthcare professionals, paramedical personnel, and social workers, external stakeholders often involve groups or individuals outside the health care setting, directly affected by the project. They include patients, and equipments suppliers. The primary role of stakeholders encompasses understanding the fact that the project fits in with the strategy being adopted. They are responsible for explaining necessity of the project and proving its strategic merit (Wong et al., 2014). Moreover, they provide a detailed financial and requirement plan. They are also involved in taking ownership of the deliverables and ensuring the usability, compatibility and performance (Hegney et al., 2013). Other roles involve establishing appropriate training and support requirements, while keeping a record of the progress and cascading relevant information (Mohammad Mosadeghrad, 2013). Collaborating with the stakeholders will help in understanding the underlying factors that contribute to sudden cardiovascular diseases. This unique collaboration will help in development of system thinking approach and technology that will provide a new insight of individual management options, for treating high-risk patients. The stakeholders will seek holisti c approaches for improving the public healthcare sector of Nigeria and identifying the reasons behind the faltering to deliver appropriate healthcare access for treating CVDs. Obstacles to systems thinking approach Systems thinking approach refers to a management discipline associated with gaining a sound understanding of the existing system by thorough examination of the interactions and linkages between several components. These components usually comprise the defined system. This approach provides a better means of analysing, and understanding and talking about the construction and design of a particular organisation, in the form of an integrated system (Dolansky Moore, 2013). However, there are several barriers to effective implementation of such approach, in the public health domain. One major human barrier is associated with the fact that the human mind fails to remain predisposed to abstract information and thinking. Three mental faculties namely, the autonomic function, limbic function and reasoning on cognitive functions are responsible for the human thinking and reasoning. However, people recognise more survival value in limbic system, upon comparison with contemplation of the nature, purpose and objective of an approach. This creates serious consequences and leads to their failure in learning new healthcare system rules (Gilson et al., 2014). Another challenge is associated with the tendency to jump quickly to conclusions. Positive progress is required by the target population, which results them in prioritising developing solutions. They work towards achieving feasible ideas that create an illusion of progress, which in turn is amplified by availability error. Moreover, essential facts related to lingering challenges of the public health sector are not identified. This is a retrograde step and increases level of confusion (Atun, 2012). Dynamics of the existing system also result in failure of the target individuals to cope with prevailing situation. Severalorganisational barriers also act as obstacles, such as, difficulty in making changes in the organisation, drive for progress, nature of program management, and presence of large and complex organisations. Misconceptions also exist among these individuals about the systems approach in healthcare (Swanson et al., 2012). Stereotypes consider systems thinking approach as a rejection of traditional scientific theories. Another misconception is that systems thinking approach is often portrayed as weak, in comparison with analytic or scientific thinking. Hence, it can be suggested that systems thinking approach will be able to highlight the challenges that exist in Nigeria, which directly influence high rates of mortality and morbidity due to CVDs. Recommendations Identifying the existing elements of the healthcare system, capturing their task dependency and outlining the way by which effective healthcare services should be coordinated and synchronised (Chai Yeo, 2012) A comprehensive assessment should be made of all contextual factors for determining effectiveness of the healthcare interventions. Randomized control trials should be conducted in combination with systems thinking approach, for evaluating the cause effect relationship related to CVDs. Effective collaboration should be formed between the diverse internal and external stakeholders, for designing and evaluating innovative interventions to reduce rates of heart diseases. Using a mixed evaluation method for addressing the issue will also prove an effective initiative (Monat Gannon, 2015) Creating an acute awareness of the current health conditions Developing a willingness to challenge the health boundaries Understanding the interrelationship between different factors before implementing and intervention Adapting and redesigning the steps of the intervention for optimising synergies Developing a proper plan Setting up a budget Adequate source funding Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that healthcare is a complex system involving high risk to all stakeholders. Although Nigeria has some of the largest stocks of human healthcare resources, lack of appropriate strategies and approaches, and poor financial access prevent the residents from accessing basic healthcare services, which in turn increases mortality rates due to cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, it is essential to adopt a systems perspective for creating a dynamic design and evaluating interventions at the system level, which will strengthen the healthcare system. This approach will link all stages of planning, designing and in evaluation in a coherent manner that will improve health outcomes of the people. References Atun, R. (2012). Health systems, systems thinking and innovation.Health policy and planning,27(suppl_4), iv4-iv8. Chai, K. H., Yeo, C. (2012). Overcoming energy efficiency barriers through systems approacha conceptual framework.Energy Policy,46, 460-472. Dolansky, M. A., Moore, S. M. (2013). Quality and safety education for nurses (QSEN): The key is systems thinking.OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,18(3), 71-80. Gilson, L., Elloker, S., Olckers, P., Lehmann, U. (2014). Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: South African examples of a leadership of sensemaking for primary health care.Health Research Policy and Systems,12(1), 30. Groves, P., Kayyali, B., Knott, D., Van Kuiken, S. (2013). The big datarevolution in healthcare.McKinsey Quarterly,2, 3. Hegney, D. G., Patterson, E., Eley, D. S., Mahomed, R., Young, J. (2013). The feasibility, acceptability and sustainability of nurse?led chronic disease management in Australian general practice: The perspectives of key stakeholders.International Journal of Nursing Practice,19(1), 54-59. Iloh, G. U. P., Chuku, A., Obiegbu, N. P., Ofoedu, J. N., Ikwudinma, A. O. (2013). Frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in adult Nigerians with family history of noncommunicable cardiovascular disease in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in a resource-constrained environment of Eastern Nigeria.American Journal of Health Research,1(1), 17-25. Laslett, L. J., Alagona Jr, P., Clark III, B. 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